Additionally, cell-cell communication analysis suggested that tumor cells may regulate M2 macrophages and Tregs through the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) signaling, contributing to the formation of an immunosuppressive TME, with deoxynucleotidyltransferase terminal interacting protein 2 (DNTTIP2) potentially playing a crucial role. This evidence concerns the gene DNTTIP2 and neoplasm.