INS and Hyperglycemia: Infants who had both protracted hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia at 36 weeks PMA had significantly lower gestational age at birth, lower birth length, weight, and head circumference (but not their respective z-scores), were more likely to have BPD, were treated with mechanical ventilation for longer periods, and were more likely to have been treated with insulin during the admission period than normoglycemic infants (Online resource 3).