The categorical variables examined included gender, year of diagnosis, age, WHO 2016 subtype, MDS-CI, IPSS-R, CPSS, karyotype, BM fibrosis, BM cellularity, BM blast percentage, hemoglobin concentration (Hb), absolute neutrophil count, platelet count, lactate dehydrogenase, and treatment category. Here, GSTM1 is linked to myelodysplastic syndrome.