PTX3 and bacterial infectious disease: It has been shown that levels of Ptx3 are highly elevated in patients with IFIs, particularly in those with invasive aspergillosis.4 A previous investigation conducted by our research group demonstrated that bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) Ptx3 levels were significantly elevated in patients with invasive aspergillosis compared to those in patients with bacterial infections or colonization by non-Aspergillus species.