CCL2 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Given previous reports linking high MCP-1 and CCL20 levels to unfavorable prognosis in HCC patients,19,20 along with the known role of CXCL chemo-attractants in immune cell trafficking,18 and the paradoxical role of CXCL11 in HCC pathogenesis, we focused on CXCL11 regulation by butyrate for the remainder of the study.