Patients with CagA(+) infection more commonly had antrum/corpus atrophy and intestinal metaplasia scores ≥ 1 and OLGA/OLGIM stages ≥ I than patients with CagA(−) infection (ORs: 3.4, 4.5, and 4.0 for atrophy; 12.0, not applicable, and 13.6 for intestinal metaplasia, respectively) (Table 2). This evidence concerns the gene S100A8 and infection.