Viral hepatitis is a major cause of chronic liver inflammation and fibrosis. The hepatitis viruses directly infect hepatocytes, leading to immune-mediated liver damage, chronic inflammation, and subsequent fibrogenesis. TGF-β is known to play a crucial role in the fibrogenic response to viral infection by promoting the activation of HSCs and ECM deposition. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and viral infectious disease.