The diagnostic criteria for NLE include: (1) congenital heart block in neonates or the presence of anti-Ro/SSA and/or anti-La/SSB antibodies in either the neonate or the mother; (2) NLE-associated skin lesions confirmed by dermatologists and/or histopathology, with positive anti-Ro/SSA and/or anti-La/SSB antibodies in the newborn and/or the mother (16). Here, SSB is linked to congenital heart block.