IL13 and Alzheimer disease: The prevailing view of pediatric AD is that it is driven primarily by Th2 signaling.Th2 cells secrete cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13, which not only mediate IgE class switching in B cells but also upregulate FcεRI receptor expression on mast cells/basophils, thereby enhancing IgE-mediated immune responses (53, 54).