S100A4 and neoplasm: We propose and prove why our biomarkers, such as S100A4+ in CD4+ T cells, S100A4+ in CD8+ T cells, KLRG1+ in CD8+ T cells, S1PR5+ in CD8+ T cells, IL2Ra+ in CD4+ T cells, S100A8+ in CD3+ T cells, and IKZF2+ in CD4+ T cells, can be utilized to predict immunotherapy efficacy upon stimulation with NPs loaded with whole tumor antigens.