DPP4 and heart failure: In a network meta-analysis of nine studies including 87,162 participants, SGLT-2 inhibitors were found to reduce the risk of heart failure hospitalization significantly compared to placebo (RR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.43 to 0.72), as well as in pairwise comparisons with GLP-1 agonists (RR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.43 to 0.79) and DPP-4 inhibitors (RR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.36 to 0.70) [147].