Persistent type I IFN signaling during chronic HIV infection induces the sustained expression of inhibitory receptors such as PD-1, TIM-3, and LAG-3 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells [29,86,87], which impair T cell activation, proliferation, and effector functions, ultimately leading to immune exhaustion [26,88,89]. The gene discussed is LAG3; the disease is HIV infectious disease.