While the effect size of such associations was small, the values were strikingly similar in the TG and VG, and confirmed in adjusted models computed using 1000 random sub-samples; moreover, while covariates other than CPE were independently associated with CSF CXCL10 and TNF-α, including sex and AIDS diagnosis, their effect size was similar to that of CPE. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is AIDS.