Extensive animal studies demonstrate that nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) pathway activation significantly ameliorates oxidative stress and inflammatory damage in diverse pathophysiological contexts, including renal [51], hepatic [43], intestinal [56], retinal degeneration [19], and immunoregulatory disorders [83]. The gene discussed is HMOX1; the disease is retinal degeneration.