From a therapeutic perspective, PPI network analyses revealed physical and/or functional connections between SPHK1 and several established IPF drug targets for IPF, including FGFR1 [34] and PDGFRB [35] (targets of Nintedanib), as well as IL-6 [36] and CCL2 [37] (targets modulated by pirfenidone). Here, SPHK1 is linked to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.