TG and osteoporosis: However, considering that changes in pituitary hormones were not accompanied by changes in peripheral hormones (estradiol and free thyroid hormones), metformin treatment may bring more benefits in the prevention and treatment of pathologies directly resulting from FSH and TSH excess, including osteoporosis, dementia, TSH-secretion tumors, or goiter [26,27,28] in comparison to the treatment of menopausal symptoms and thyroid hypofunction.