Yun et al. (2024), using a murine model of AD (Aβ injection), demonstrated the modulation of the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway through FoxG1, which not only enhanced autophagy but also redirected microglial polarization from pro-inflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes, thereby creating a neuroprotective microenvironment conducive to cellular recovery and tissue homeostasis (Figure 1) [30]. Here, MTOR is linked to Alzheimer disease.