HMOX1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Furthermore, other botanicals like Curcuma longa and Ginkgo biloba exert anti-cancer effects primarily through apoptosis or autophagy pathways [30,31], and the C. nitidissima leaf extract induces ferroptosis in NSCLC cells by modulating intracellular ROS, MDA, and GSH levels and upregulating HMOX-1.