CASP3 and cancer: Treatment with Biobran resulted in the following: (1) the arrest of cancer cells in the sub-G1 phase of the cell cycle; (2) increased DNA fragmentation in cancer cells; and (3) marked upregulation for p53, Bax, and caspase-3 gene expression, as well as marked downregulation in Bcl-2 gene expression compared to the untreated carcinogen group.