The caspase-dependent pathway is based on the activity of caspase 3, the Bcl family, and cytochrome c (Cyt c), while the caspase-independent pathway is PARP-1-mediated cell death, or “regulated necrosis” [31] One study found that ApoEVs (under 1000 nm) promoted stem cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and wound healing in a diabetes mouse model, while apoptotic bodies (with diameter >1000 nm) had the opposite effect. The gene discussed is PARP1; the disease is diabetes mellitus.