IL6 and chronic kidney disease: Pawlak et al. conducted a cross-sectional study in non-dialysed CKD patients (n = 53) with and without CVD, aiming to evaluate plasma endocan, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), markers of inflammation (hs-CRP, interleukin-6, and tumour necrosis factor-α), and their inter-relations.