PTGS2 and breast cancer: Studies have demonstrated that gold-conjugated resveratrol nanoparticles exhibit superior anti-invasive activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells compared to free resveratrol by effectively inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) expression [250].