TNF and bacterial infectious disease: In KEGG pathway enrichment bubble plots, the top 20 enriched pathways include viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor, cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction, rheumatoid arthritis, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway, etc. Among these pathways, some are related to Mφ inflammatory responses, while others are associated with parasitic, viral, and intracellular bacterial infections, suggesting that coaggregated E. faecalis and F. nucleatum may enhance their ability to survive as intracellular bacteria and activate Mφ immune responses (Figure 8C).