While both PS cells and cancer cells rely on glycolysis, the purpose of this process differs significantly between the two cell types: PS cells adopt this metabolic reprogramming to support the biosynthetic and energy demands of pluripotency acquisition, driven by Yamanaka factors, whereas cancer cells utilize the Warburg effect for uncontrolled proliferation under hypoxic conditions, mediated by oncogenic drivers such as HIF-1α and c-Myc. Here, HIF1A is linked to cancer.