H2AX and intestinal tuberculosis: 2009; Solier and Pommier 2014). Nakamura et al. (2017) used a γ‐H2AX biomarker to detect DNA breaks in bovine lymphocytes following the Fukushima disaster. Fradet‐Turcotte et al. (2011) showed that papillomaviruses cause DNA damage via γ‐H2AX expression. Toyoda et al. (2015) showed γ‐H2AX expression in bladder cancer, and Dörtbudak and Öztürk (2024) showed γ‐H2AX expression in goat intestinal tuberculosis.