NPPA and cardiac hypertrophy: Cardiac hypertrophy, characterized by an increase in the size and mass of the heart muscle cells,[3] is an adaptive response to various physiological or pathological stimuli, including stress, injury, or increased workload.[4] In pathological hypertrophy, there is an increased expression of fetal genes, notably ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide), BNP (brain natriuretic peptide), β‐MHC (myosin heavy chain, a cardiac muscle β‐isoform), and skeletal muscle α‐actin.