Infection by H. pylori, a spiral-shaped, Gram-negative bacterium, triggers chronic inflammation in the stomach, called non-atrophic gastritis, characterized by the aggregation of Cluster of differentiation 4+ (CD4+) lymphocytes and B cells in the gastric lamina propria.57 This inflammatory condition can lead to atrophic gastritis, GC, or MALT lymphoma if not cured. Here, CD4 is linked to chronic atrophic gastritis.