Other inflammatory factors include IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in response to EBV infection.19 Additionally, the Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and NF-κB pathways were upregulated during the early stage of infection in a GC cell line, suggesting that the host response to viral invasion requires activation of these two pathways.16 This evidence concerns the gene TNF and infection.