Notably, GSDME exhibits a fascinating and somewhat paradoxical ‘expression-function’ dichotomy across various malignancies: while it demonstrates epigenetic silencing and tumor-suppressive roles in the majority of solid tumors, including gastric, colorectal, and breast cancers, it paradoxically shows aberrant overexpression and drives malignant progression specifically in HCC (6). This evidence concerns the gene GSDME and breast cancer.