utilized scRNA-seq technology to identify three functionally heterogeneous subpopulations of TANs in breast cancer: Neutrophil_IFIT1, Neutrophil_DUSP6, and Neutrophil_S100A1.The IFIT1+ subpopulation exhibits high expression of ISG15, MX1, and IFIT1, demonstrating antigen-presenting capabilities. This evidence concerns the gene S100A1 and breast carcinoma.