Concurrently, tumor-derived factors (e.g., GM-CSF) regulate the nuclear translocation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in macrophages, which binds to the PD-L1 promoter to upregulate its expression, driving regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation and establishing an immunosuppressive PMN (62).Meyany et al. The gene discussed is AHR; the disease is neoplasm.