Importantly, while these types of conclusions were not able to be drawn from preclinical mice experiments prior to the maRQup analyses presented here, they are in accord with clinical findings in patients: CD19.CD28 CAR-T cells exhibit high efficacy in the context of lymphoma, but CD19.4–1BB CAR-T cells persist for significantly longer periods of time Maude et al. (2014), Maude et al. (2018), Cheng et al. (2018), Aamir et al. (2021), Long et al. (2015), Lee et al. (2015), Shah and Fry (2019). Here, CD28 is linked to lymphoma.