Daxx is constitutively associated with PML-NBs, while the histone H3.3 chaperone HIRA only associates with PML-NBs in response to cellular senescence (Banumathy et al, 2009; Ye et al, 2007; Zhang et al, 2005), interferon (IFN) stimulation, and viral infection (Cohen et al, 2018; Kleijwegt et al, 2023; McFarlane et al, 2019; Rai et al, 2017). Here, IFNA1 is linked to viral infectious disease.