HIRA and viral infectious disease: The histone chaperone, HIRA localizes to PML-NBs in response to viral infection or transfection with plasmid DNA (Cohen et al., 2018; McFarlane et al., 2019; Rai et al., 2017), both of which induce secretion of IFNs (Li et al, 2005; MacMicking, 2012).