Future studies should explore the following aspects: establishing a prospective multicenter cohort to assess the clinical translational value of the diagnostic model; developing a nanocarrier system based on S100A11 targeting to achieve controlled release at the tumor site by utilizing its calcium-responsive properties; and resolving the spatiotemporal regulatory mechanism of exosome CA4 in the formation of pre-metastatic microenvironment. This evidence concerns the gene CA4 and neoplasm.