The S100 family of calcium-binding proteins, especially S100A11, has attracted attention for its dual role in cancer progression by binding calcium ions and undergoing conformational changes.S100A11 is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer, where it promotes the growth of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells and facilitates melanoma metastasis (33–35). The gene discussed is S100A11; the disease is cholangiocarcinoma.