TNF and breast cancer: Secreted mainly by TAMs and tumor cells, TNF-α plays a significant role in breast cancer progression by facilitating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis, and endocrine resistance (Egberts et al., 2008; Sethi et al., 2008; Stathopoulos et al., 2007; Zins et al., 2007).