CD8A and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Preclinical and early clinical trials, such as the phase II CITYSCAPE trial, have demonstrated that tiragolumab, especially in combination with anti-PD-L1 agents like atezolizumab, enhances anti-tumor immunity by reinvigorating CD8+ T cells and NK cells, leading to improved objective response rates and progression-free survival in cancers like NSCLC and esophageal cancer.