BRCA1 and Lynch syndrome: The most well-characterized hereditary syndromes in this context are Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) syndrome—typically involving BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations—and Lynch syndrome, which arises from germline mutations in one of several mismatch repair (MMR) genes, including MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 [9].