PARP9 and tuberculosis: Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analyses in these three datasets demonstrated strong diagnostic performance, with area under the curve (AUC) values supporting the hub genes’ relevance as TB diagnostic biomarkers, achieving peak sensitivity and specificity of 89.1% and 94.1% for ACSL1, 93.5% and 100% for PARP9, 100% and 87.5% for TLR4, and 93.5% and 100% for ATG3 across the datasets (Figure 10D–F).