VHL and clear cell renal carcinoma: In clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), mutations in von Hippel–Lindau (VHL), Polybromo 1 (PBRM1), and BRCA1 associated protein-1 (BAP1) have been linked with angiogenesis and immune infiltration patterns, influencing the efficacy of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeted and immune-based therapies [5].