This illustration of key genomic alterations and signaling pathways in genitourinary (GU) cancers highlights major molecular drivers in GU cancers, including androgen receptor (AR) signaling in prostate cancer, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway activation in RCC, FGFR3 signaling and TP53 alterations in bladder cancer, and KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT)/Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutations in testicular cancer. This evidence concerns the gene KRAS and Familial prostate cancer.