VEGFC and cancer: In a study on human epithelial OC cell lines (SKOV-3, CAOV-3, and others) and 12 human OC tissue specimens, tumor-derived SHH has been shown to stimulate stromal vascular epidermal growth factor (VEGF-C) secreted by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) to promote lymphangiogenesis in OC via the HH/VEGF-C signaling axis [21].