Subjects in ns-OSA had a median BDNF concentration of 8.1 (IQR 4.6–17.4) ng/mL, whereas in s-OSA, the median BDNF was higher and equal to 20.1 (IQR 9.0–33.6) ng/mL, p = 0.02. Here, BDNF is linked to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.