Chronic hepatocyte-specific Atg5 knockout (Alb-Cre; Atg5F/F) mice exhibit apoptosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and HCC, which were attenuated by co-deletion of the gene encoding NRF2, suggesting adverse effects of NRF2 in autophagy-deficient liver injuries [220]. Here, NFE2L2 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.