tRF-Val, a kind of 3′tRF, directly binds to eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1 (EEF1A1), mediates its transport into the nucleus, and promotes its interaction with murine double minute 2 (MDM2), a specific p53 E3 ubiquitin ligase, thus promoting proliferation and invasion and inhibiting apoptosis in GC cells [128]. Here, EEF1A1 is linked to gastric cancer.