APOE and Alzheimer disease: Genome-wide association studies have identified SNPs and pleiotropic genes contributing to the comorbidity and shared etiology of AMD and Alzheimer’s disease, such as APOC1 and APOE, along with potential upstream regulators ZNF131, ADNP2, and HINFP [46], a factor for which we predicted a pioneer function in the transition between RPE progenitors and terminally differentiated RPE.