TNF and cancer: A previous study profiling human stem cell–derived RPE induced to EMT by enzymatic dissociation and TGFβ/TNFα treatment had shown transcriptional similarities between de-differentiating RPE and a metastatic model of cancer, with SNAI1 and SNAI2 mRNAs upregulated shortly after mechanical dissociation, followed by ZEB1 and TWIST1 (TWST1) [42].