TRPV1 and viral infectious disease: Manti et al. reviewed analogous mechanisms in the respiratory tract, showing that TRPV1 upregulation contributes to cough hypersensitivity, airway neurogenic inflammation and bronchoconstriction; they further describe a bidirectional interplay between TRPV1 and β2-adrenergic receptors, whereby defective β2AR signaling (e.g., during viral infections or prolonged β-agonist use) exacerbates TRPV1-driven neuroinflammation and worsens asthma control [63].