On the other hand, betulin might also mitigate processes common to various neurodegenerative disorders such as the downregulation of genes involved in apoptosis [26], or reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines - including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α - in the serum and hippocampus of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats exhibiting cognitive decline [24]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Mental deterioration.