TIM-3 interacts with four distinct ligands: galectin-9, phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), and carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule-1 (CEACAM-1), all of which are implicated in tumor progression [43]. Here, CEACAM1 is linked to neoplasm.