Moreover, recent evidence suggests that p-coumaric acid exerts multi-organ protective effects in mice with HFD/STZ-induced T2DM by enhancing intestinal nutrient absorption, preserving intestinal barrier function, and activating hepatic IRS-1/PI3K/AKT signaling, thereby further improving systemic glucose metabolism [139]. The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.