NFKB1 and Hyperglycemia: Moreover, caffeic acid mitigates hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction by suppressing nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) nuclear translocation, reducing the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules, and enhancing antioxidant defenses via nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf)-2/electrophile-responsive element activation [93].