BGLAP and cancer: Although research such as that by Cusimano et al. has demonstrated OC-induced apoptosis through markers like PARP cleavage, caspase activation, and γH2AX expression in liver (HepG2, Huh7, Hep3B, PLC/PRF/5) and colon (HT29, SW480) cancer cell lines, the precise molecular interactions between OC and its potential targets have not been characterized.