GBP1 and glioblastoma: GBP1, rapidly upregulated by interferon-gamma within 24 h, acts as an EGFR effector in glioblastoma, promoting tumor growth and invasion through actin cytoskeleton remodeling and extracellular matrix degradation, with potential contributions to immune evasion influenced by stromal and cytokine signaling in the TME [16,17].