PPARGC1A and metabolic disease: At the pharmacological level, uridine enhances mitochondrial respiratory chain activity by activating the PGC-1α pathway, promotes ATP production, and improves metabolic disorders, and short-term supplementation can reverse drug-induced fatty liver disease and improve tissue regeneration ability (such as myocardial repair and synaptic remodeling), and its derivatives such as uridine triacetate have been approved for the detoxification of chemotherapy drug overdose and can reduce the risk of organ damage by competitively inhibiting fluorouracil toxicity [22,23].