Although the TCGA-HNSC dataset includes multiple anatomical subsites, OSCC constitutes the vast majority (~90%) of HNSCC cases, and our GEO datasets and in vitro experiments were specifically derived from oral tumor tissues and OSCC cell lines, supporting the relevance of TK1 overexpression in OSCC [34,35]. Here, TK1 is linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.